Vyākaraṇa – Meaningful Words
It is linguistic analysis or grammar which helps us to make sentences and express information, knowledge, emotion and everything. Vyākaraṇa is the face of the Veda and shows what we like or dislike, what we look forward to or turn the face away from, whether something seems pleasant or otherwise. It is the water element called jala tattva symbolised by the planet Venus which shows the nature of the face, its appearance and attraction. All grammar today comes from Pāṇini school.
Paṇini’s extensive analysis of the processes of phonology, morphology and syntax, the Aṣṭadhyāyī, laid down the basis for centuries of commentaries and expositions by following Sanskrit grammarians. Pāṇini’s approach was amazingly formal; his production rules for deriving complex structures and sentences represent modern finite state machines. Indeed many of the developments in Indian Mathematics, especially the place value notational system may have originated from Pāṇinian analysis .
Panini’s grammar consists of four parts:
• Śiva sūtra: phonology (notations for phonemes specified in 14 lines)
• Aṣṭadhyāyī: morphology (construction rules for complexes)
• Dhātu pāṭha: list of roots (classes of verbal roots)
• Gaṇa pāṭha: lists classes of primitive nominal stems
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